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The formation of the Ministry of Environment and Water (MOEW) came in the context of a national vision to strengthen the commitment of the United Arab Emirates to the environment and sustainable development, as a response to many of the developments that have occurred on the national and global levels in the previous years.

The UAE has made the environmental issue as one of the leading concerns for it is considered as a key input for achieving sustainable development. MOEW was established in February 2006, replacing the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, taking charge and responsibility of all its powers and functions. The Federal Environment Agency and the General Secretariat of Municipalities, had their functions and authorities transferred to be accommodated within the ministry's mandate.

According to the organizational structure adopted by the ministry, five main sectors are included: Environmental Affairs Sector, Agricultural & Animal Affairs Sector, Water Resources & Nature Conservation Sector, Support Services Sector and Regions Sector. Besides the Minister Sector, which drives a range of operational departments, such as Strategic Planning and Performance Department, Governmental Communications Department, International Cooperation Department, the Coordination of Municipal Affairs Office, the Internal Audit Office, External Audit Sector, UAE Green Development Strategy Follow-up Office, and National Committee for Biodiversity Office. The Undersecretary Sector oversees the operation and functions of the sectors and The Knowledge and Awareness Department.